Under the NERC Mini-Grid Regulations 2026, a mini-grid is an electricity supply system with its own generation capacity that supplies more than one customer within a defined geographical area and may operate independently or in coordination with an existing distribution network. Isolated mini-grids can have installed capacity up to 5 MW per site; interconnected mini-grids up to 10 MW per site.
A solar mini-grid generally combines solar PV, battery storage, inverters, a distribution network, metering, protection and control.
Site identification and energy assessment: existing supply, customer numbers, appliance usage, commercial activity, productive loads and future demand.
Load assessment: peak demand, daily consumption, seasonal demand and load profile.
Solar resource assessment: irradiation, weather, shading, orientation and land availability.
Technical design: PV capacity, battery capacity, inverters, distribution network, transformer capacity, protection and metering.
Economic analysis and regulatory process: CAPEX, OPEX, tariffs, revenue, financing and lifecycle cost, plus the applicable permits and registrations.
Hybrid mini-grids can combine solar, battery storage, diesel generators, the grid or other generation resources where a single source cannot reliably satisfy demand.
Productive-use energy turns connections into economic activity: irrigation, water pumping, milling, refrigeration, cold storage, welding, food processing, agricultural equipment, small manufacturing and digital businesses.
The 2026 NERC framework includes specific provisions for grid arrival, including notice and transition or compensation mechanisms, and NEMSA has published guidelines for interconnecting solar mini-grids to distribution networks. Interconnected development is handled within that regulatory framework.